Arianizm – kłopotliwy dla Kościoła spór o miejsce Syna Bożego

Spalenie pism ariańskich na soborze w Nicei, fresk Carlo Mannoniego, baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano

Spalenie pism ariańskich na soborze w Nicei, fresk Carlo Mannoniego, baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano

„Wierzę w jednego Boga, Ojca Wszechmogącego (...) I jednego Pana Jezusa Chrystusa, Syna Bożego jednorodzonego, który z Ojca jest zrodzony (...), Bóg prawdziwy z Boga prawdziwego, zrodzony a nie stworzony, współistotny Ojcu”. Tak rozpoczyna się najważniejsza modlitwa każdego katolika, znana mu od dzieciństwa i powtarzana w każdej mszy świętej. Mało kto jednak wie, że zawarte w niej słowa budziły emocje tak wielkie, że dochodziło w ich imieniu do bójek, kłótni i wielopokoleniowych schizm.

Spalenie pism ariańskich na soborze w Nicei, fresk Carlo Mannoniego, baptysterium San Giovanni in Laterano
Cesarz Konstantyn na soborze w Nicei, manuskrypt średniowieczny, zdj. Wikipedia
Głowa Konstantyna Wielkiego, pozostałość cesarskiego posągu, Musei Capitolini
Cesarz Konstantyn na soborze w Nicei, manuskrypt średniowieczny, fragment, zdj. Wikipedia

„Wierzę w jednego Boga, Ojca Wszechmogącego (...) I jednego Pana Jezusa Chrystusa, Syna Bożego jednorodzonego, który z Ojca jest zrodzony (...), Bóg prawdziwy z Boga prawdziwego, zrodzony a nie stworzony, współistotny Ojcu”. Tak rozpoczyna się najważniejsza modlitwa każdego katolika, znana mu od dzieciństwa i powtarzana w każdej mszy świętej. Mało kto jednak wie, że zawarte w niej słowa budziły emocje tak wielkie, że dochodziło w ich imieniu do bójek, kłótni i wielopokoleniowych schizm.

Po okresie prześladowań i konspiracji, w momencie gdy chrześcijanie po edykcie mediolańskim z 313 roku jawnie mogli wyznawać swą wiarę, rozpoczęły się spory doktrynalne, emocjonujące nie tylko teologów i biskupów, ale tak mocno rozgrzewające umysły wiernych, że dochodziło do sytuacji, o których Grzegorz z Nyssy pisał: „Wchodzisz do piekarza i prosisz o chleb, a on ci mówi, że Ojciec jest większy od Syna”.

      Cesarz Konstantyn na soborze w Nicei,
      manuskrypt średniowieczny,
      zdj. Wikipedia

Dlatego też w 325 roku zwołany został przez cesarza Konstantyna Wielkiego powszechny sobór w Nicei (İznik w dzisiejszej Turcji), którego głównym zadaniem było zażegnanie sporu o naturę Chrystusa, a właściwie o relację między Ojcem a Synem. W latach poprzedzających sobór doszło bowiem do ostrego konfliktu między stronnikami tezy, że Chrystus jest współistotny Bogu Ojcu, a tymi, którzy uważali, że jego ranga jest niższa – jako zrodzony przez Ojca jest mu w pewien sposób podporządkowany. Ten drugi pogląd reprezentował, cieszący się wśród wiernych estymą, prezbiter z Aleksandrii o imieniu Ariusz, który około 318 roku, strzegąc prawdziwego monoteizmu, stwierdził, że Bóg jest tylko jeden, a syn zrodzony z ojca niezrodzonego nie może być mu równy. Swoje dociekania oparł na fragmentach Nowego Testamentu, między innymi Ewangelii św. Jana, w której sam Chrystus mówi o sobie jako o „mniejszym od Ojca”. Wystąpienie Ariusza stało się zarzewiem prawdziwej wojny religijnej. Biskup Aleksandrii, Aleksander, któremu Ariusz bezpośrednio podlegał, uznał jego słowa za heretyckie. Jednak mimo to popularny w mieście kaznodzieja zyskał spore grono wyznawców, których zaczęto nazywać arianami. Oliwy do ognia dolewał sam biskup Aleksander, który ekskomunikował Ariusza, załatwiając przy okazji swoje porachunki w aleksandryjskim klerem. Fala nienawistnej propagandy, którą wzniecił, pozwalając na określanie zwolenników Ariusza „heretyckimi szumowinami” czy „głupim i bezmyślnym motłochem”, nie sprzyjała kompromisowi. Wręcz przeciwnie – wzmogła zaciekłość arian. Gdy Ariusz został przez Aleksandra wyrzucony z miasta, zwrócił się do przychylnego mu biskupa Nikomedii, Euzebiusza z Nikomedii, a jego wypowiedzi wciąż polaryzowały środowisko chrześcijan.

Dla Konstantyna Wielkiego rozłam w Kościele aleksandryjskim był w dużej mierze niezrozumiały. Zwołany przez niego synod miał uspokoić emocje narosłe wokół Ariusza. Cesarz chciał jedności w łonie Kościoła i nieprzychylnie patrzył na sprzeczki i tumulty. Religia miała być ostoją porządku, miała łączyć, a nie dzielić. Widząc, że nie ma szans na porozumienie między zwaśnionymi obozami, narzucił niejako swoje zdanie w czasie obrad soboru, zyskując poparcie większości obradujących biskupów. Ariusz został potępiony, wygnany do Galii, a jego pisma zniszczono. Obrońca ortodoksji, biskup Aleksander, mógł ogłosić jedną z najważniejszych tez soboru, jaką było uznanie, że Chrystus jest współistotny Bogu Ojcu. Wtedy to powstało nicejskie Credo, czyli modlitwa, której początek został przytoczony we wstępie. Stanowisko to poparł też biskup Rzymu – Sylwester I, który od początku konfliktu sympatyzował z biskupem Aleksandrii.

Cesarski osąd i wola synodu nie zmusiły jednak zwolenników Ariusza do milczenia, szczególnie że nastawienie do niego zmienił sam cesarza Konstantyn. Ariusz został odwołany z wygnania i zrehabilitowany. Mało tego, tuż przed śmiercią cesarz przyjął chrzest z rąk przedstawiciela arian. Fakt ten nie zakończył sporu. Borykali się z nim kolejni cesarze – następcy Konstantyna, przeważnie popierający arianizm.

Problem nieustannie rozgrzewający emocje, głównie na wschodzie imperium, podjęty został ponownie na soborze zwołanym w 381 roku w Konstantynopolu przez ówczesnego cesarza Teodozjusza I, zwolennika ortodoksji. Jego obrady potwierdziły raz jeszcze decyzje podjęte na soborze w Nicei, podkreślając, że wykładnia nicejska staje się jedynie obowiązującym credo, czyli podstawą wiary.

Na Zachodzie stosunkowo szybko uporano się z arianizmem, głównie dzięki biskupowi Mediolanu Ambrożemu, który dzielnie obstawał przy ortodoksji, podobnie jak biskupi Rzymu. Arianizm traktowano od tej pory jako pogląd heretycki, czyli taki, który zakłada porzucenie prawdy, i najpewniej popadłby w zapomnienie, gdyby niespodziewanie, jak feniks z popiołu, nie pojawił się wiek później wraz z najeźdźcami gockimi, którzy – jako się okazało – arianizm wyznawali. Ci poznali chrześcijaństwo w trakcie działalności misyjnej biskupa ariańskiego Wulfili, który w połowie IV wieku nawracał Gotów osiadłych nad Dunajem. I tak, po detronizacji ostatniego cesarza imperium rzymskiego, Romulusa Augustulusa, arianinem był rządzący Italią wódz pochodzenia germańskiego Odoaker, jak również kontynuujący jego dzieło, wywodzący się z Ostrogotów Teodoryk Wielki. Powstała w ten sposób niewygodna dla wszystkich sytuacja, w której dwór w Rawennie zdecydowanie obstawał przy arianizmie, a przedstawiciele ariańskich władców Italii brali udział w obradach konklawe papieży (zwolenników ortodoksji) i swoim autorytetem potwierdzali ich wybór. Jednak o dziwo, stosunki w Italii między obydwoma ugrupowaniami przez prawie pięćdziesiąt lat rządów arian (Odoaker, Teodoryk) były poprawne, wręcz wzorcowe. Ale do czasu. Pojednanie do tej pory zwaśnionych konfliktami religijnymi Kościołów Wschodu i Zachodu doprowadziło do zwycięstwa ortodoksji i definitywnego rozprawienia się z arianizmem, tym razem przez cesarza Justyniana.

Nie znamy dokładnie poglądów Ariusza, gdyż jego pisma zostały zniszczone, a za ich posiadanie albo rozpowszechnianie groziła kara śmierci. Zachowały się jedynie najbardziej kontrowersyjne jego wypowiedzi albo opinie na ich temat, przytaczane przez jego adwersarzy. Arianizm był pierwszą w dziejach Kościoła herezją, zwalczaną nie tylko przez duchownych, ale też przez państwo. Ruch ten obumarł około 600 roku, gdy jego ostatni w Europie wyznawcy – Wizygoci z Półwyspu Pirenejskiego – przeszli na katolicyzm.
 

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        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')710μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'710μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '261' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 261
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')1.41msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '261' and `lang` = 'pl'1.09msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 261
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '261' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 261
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '261' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 261
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '261'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 261
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '261' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1940μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 261
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '261'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 261
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '29' limit 1370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '261'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 261
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4027' and `lang` = 'pl'690μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4027
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4028' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4028
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4029' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4029
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')870μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '4030' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 4030
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '261'630μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 261
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '48' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 48
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '48' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 48
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '48' and `lang` = 'pl'670μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 48
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '48' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 48
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '48'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 48
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '48' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 48
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '48'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 48
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '169' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 169
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '169' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 169
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '169' and `lang` = 'pl'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 169
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '169' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 169
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '169'620μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 169
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '169' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 169
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '169'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 169
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '1' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 1
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '249' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 249
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '249' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 249
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '249' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 249
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '249' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 249
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '249'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 249
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '249' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 249
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '249'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 249
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '250' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null730μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 250
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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